A systematic review and meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in travellers.

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) impose a global health and economic burden. International travellers facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, including STIs. Hence, this review assessed the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs, and factors associated with the infection in this population. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINHAL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception of the databases until November 2022. Published analytical observational studies reporting the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and factors associated with STIs by type of traveller (i.e. tourists, business travellers, students, visiting friends or relatives [VFRs], international truck drivers, backpackers, expatriates, and men who have sex with men [MSM]) were included. The selection of articles, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted for each STI by clinical presentation and type of traveller. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies (n = 387 731 travellers) were included, 19 evaluated the proportionate morbidity of STIs among symptomatic travellers, while 13 examined the prevalence of STIs in asymptomatic travellers. The highest proportionate morbidity was found among VFRs (syphilis, 1.67%; 95%CI:1.03-2.81%), backpackers (chlamydia trachomatis, 6.58%; 95%CI: 5.96-7.25%), and MSM (HIV [2.50%;95%CI:0.44-12.88%], gonorrhoea [4.17%;95%CI:1.1.5-13.98%], lymphogranuloma venereum [4.17%;95%CI:1.1.5-13.98%], and HAV [20.0%; 95% CI: 14.99-26.17%]). The highest prevalence of STIs among asymptomatic were found in MSM (HIV [25.94%;95%CI:22.21-30.05%] and HBV [24.90%; 95%CI:21.23-28.96%]) and backpackers (chlamydia trachomatis, 3.92%;95% CI:2.72-5.32%). Short duration of the trip (<1 month), not having pre-travel consultation, travelling to Southeast Asia, and being unvaccinated for HBV were identified as risk factors for STIs. CONCLUSION: Strategies to prevent STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs should be discussed at pretravel consultations and recommendations should be prioritized in high-risk groups of travellers, such as backpackers, VFRs, and MSMs. Additionally, healthcare providers should tailor recommendations for safe sex practices to individual travellers' unique needs.

Clinical outcomes of dengue virus infection in pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive age: a retrospective cohort study from 2016 to 2019 in Paraná, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of dengue cases worldwide implies a greater exposure of at-risk groups, such as pregnant women. DENV infection during pregnancy has been increasingly associated with unfavorable outcomes, but the evolution of the disease and its clinical outcomes remain unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize dengue cases in reproductive aged women by comparing the development of the disease in pregnant and non-pregnant women. METHODS: A population based retrospective cohort study that used data reported in the Brazilian Mandatory Notifiable Diseases Information System from 2016 to 2019 in Paraná, Brazil. We compared sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Hospitalization and disease severity classification (Dengue, Dengue with warning signs, Severe Dengue) were considered outcome variables. RESULTS: The two groups had differences in the year of notification, age distribution, and region of residence. Laboratory investigation was more frequent among pregnant women, and DENV-2 prevailed in both groups. The risks of hospitalization and development of Severe Dengue were higher in pregnant women. There were no deaths observed among pregnant women. CONCLUSION: This study identified pregnancy as a risk factor for an increase in the severity of DENV infection. It reinforces the importance of identifying early signs of complication, close monitoring, and adequate treatment for pregnant women.

Educação pelo trabalho para a formação do médico / Education through work for the training of a physician

O Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) visa qualificar a força de trabalho para o Sistema Único de Saúde. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a contribuição de três experiências do PET-Saúde para a formação médica. Com base no materialismo históricodialético, buscou-se compreender a inserção do PET-Saúde na educação médica como fenômeno social subordinado às condições históricas de produção econômica. Os dados foram colhidos de relatos dos estudantes, tutores, preceptores e coordenadores de três grupos do PET-Saúde de duas universidades de Curitiba, por meio de entrevistas e grupos focais. Concluiuse que, em dois grupos, as experiências vivenciadas contribuíram para a formação de trabalhadores flexíveis, efetivos na aplicação da tecnologia para a solução dos problemas nos limites impostos pela ordem vigente. No terceiro grupo, a experiência contribuiu para a formação de sujeitos críticos, capazes de questionar os limites impostos pelo Estado e pela sociedade à plena realização da vida.

The Education Through Work for Health Program (PET-Saúde) aims to qualify the workforce for the Brazilian Unified Health System. This study was carried out to evaluate the contribution made by three PET-Saúde experiments in medical training. Based on historical and dialectical materialism, we sought to understand the integration of PET-Saúde in medical education as a social phenomenon subordinate to the historical conditions of economic production. Data were collected from reports made by students, tutors, mentors and coordinators of three groups of PET-Saúde at two universities in Curitiba, southern Brazil, through interviews and focus groups. It was concluded that, in two groups, the experiences contributed to training flexible workers, effective in the application of technology to solve issues within the limits imposed by the current order. In the third group, the experience contributed to training critical subjects, able to question the limits imposed by the State and society to the full realization of life.

Avaliação do cuidado ao usuário portador de diabetes em unidade de saúde / Evaluation of the care given to diabetic service users in a health care unit

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o cuidado programado ao diabético em Unidade Básica de Saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde de um município da região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. Estudantes e professores de projeto de extensão identificaram os diabéticos cadastrados e analisaram o controle da doença pela unidade de saúde. Os usuários que não aderiam aos cuidados ou não obtinham melhora foram visitados para identificação dos motivos, orientação do cuidado e agendamento de consultas ou exames. Após o quarto mês, repetiu-se a análise, verificando-se expressiva melhora na adesão e no controle do diabetes. A partir disso, houve revisão do planejamento e avaliação do cuidado. A abertura do serviço para a participação da universidade constituiu importante espaço de aprendizagem e contribuiu para qualificar o atendimento aos usuários, objetivo maior dos serviços de saúde.

Dermatosis neglecta: a report of two cases.

Few cases of dermatosis neglecta have been reported in the medical literature, although the diagnosis is well-known to dermatologists. Recognizing this condition avoids unnecessary, aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This case report discusses two cases of this condition in female patients in whom the dermatosis developed as a result of deliberate or unconscious neglect of personal hygiene.

Dermatitis neglecta: relato de dois casos / Dermatosis neglecta: a report of two cases

Poucos são os casos de dermatitis neglecta relatados na literatura, apesar de o diagnóstico ser conhecido pelos dermatologistas. Reconhecer o quadro evita condutas diagnósticas e terapêuticas agressivas e desnecessárias. Os autores relatam dois casos de pacientes do sexo feminino nos quais a dermatite se desenvolveu como resultado intencional ou não de negligência com o asseio pessoal.

Few cases of dermatosis neglecta have been reported in the medical literature, although the diagnosis is well-known to dermatologists. Recognizing this condition avoids unnecessary, aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This case report discusses two cases of this condition in female patients in whom the dermatosis developed as a result of deliberate or unconscious neglect of personal hygiene.